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Spring Cloud 2020.0.x (Ilford) 版本 ​

官方介绍 ​

Spring Cloud 2020.0.x (代号 Ilford) 是 Spring Cloud 的重要版本，于 2020 年底发布。这是第一个采用年度版本号命名的 Spring Cloud 版本，标志着项目向更规律的发布周期转变。该版本基于 Spring Boot 2.4.x 构建，重点关注云原生应用开发、响应式编程模型以及微服务架构的最佳实践。

Ilford 版本引入了许多现代化的微服务模式，加强了对 Kubernetes 等容器编排平台的支持。

版本特性 ​

1. Spring Cloud Commons 重构 ​

  • 引入新的服务注册与发现抽象
  • 改进的负载均衡器实现
  • 更好的跨平台兼容性

2. Spring Cloud Gateway 3.x ​

  • 响应式编程模型完全集成
  • 更强大的路由匹配功能
  • 改进的性能和内存管理

3. Spring Cloud LoadBalancer 增强 ​

  • 支持服务注册表感知的负载均衡
  • 更多负载均衡算法
  • 更好的可观察性支持

4. Spring Cloud Config 更新 ​

  • 支持更多的后端存储选项
  • 增强的加密功能
  • 更灵活的配置刷新机制

5. Spring Cloud Kubernetes 集成 ​

  • 原生 Kubernetes 服务发现
  • 配置映射自动加载
  • 更好的云原生支持

官方获取地址 ​

Maven 依赖 ​

xml
<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>2020.0.6</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

Gradle 依赖 ​

gradle
dependencyManagement {
    imports {
        mavenBom "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-dependencies:2020.0.6"
    }
}

官方文档 ​

环境要求 ​

  • Java 8 或更高版本 (Java 11+ 推荐)
  • Spring Boot 2.4.x 或 2.5.x
  • Maven 3.5+ 或 Gradle 6.8+
  • 推荐使用 Spring Boot 2.5.12 以获得最佳兼容性

部署方法 ​

1. 创建 Spring Cloud 2020.0.x 项目 ​

bash
# 使用 Spring Initializr 创建项目
curl https://start.spring.io/starter.tgz \
  -d groupId=com.example \
  -d artifactId=spring-cloud-ilford-service \
  -d name=ilford-service \
  -d packaging=jar \
  -d bootVersion=2.5.12 \
  -d javaVersion=11 \
  -d language=java \
  -d type=maven-project \
  -d baseDir=ilford-service \
  -d packageName=com.example \
  -d dependencies=cloud-discovery,cloud-config-client,cloud-openfeign,cloud-loadbalancer \
  | tar -xzvf -

2. 配置服务注册中心 (使用 Consul) ​

java
package com.example.ilford.discovery;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class DiscoveryApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DiscoveryApplication.class, args);
    }
}

application.yml:

yaml
server:
  port: 8500

spring:
  application:
    name: discovery-service
  cloud:
    consul:
      host: localhost
      port: 8500
      discovery:
        service-name: discovery-service
        health-check-path: /actuator/health
        health-check-interval: 15s
        instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${random.value}

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: health,info,metrics

3. 配置服务消费者 ​

java
package com.example.ilford.consumer;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.WebClient;
import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.support.WebClientAdapter;
import org.springframework.web.service.annotation.GetExchange;
import org.springframework.web.service.invoker.HttpServiceProxyFactory;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class ConsumerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Bean
    public WebClient webClient() {
        return WebClient.builder()
                .codecs(configurer -> configurer.defaultCodecs().maxInMemorySize(2 * 1024 * 1024))
                .build();
    }

    @Bean
    public UserService userService(WebClient.Builder webClientBuilder) {
        HttpServiceProxyFactory factory = HttpServiceProxyFactory
                .builder(WebClientAdapter.forClient(webClientBuilder.build())).build();
        return factory.createClient(UserService.class);
    }

    interface UserService {
        @GetExchange("/api/users/{id}")
        String getUser(Long id);
    }
}

4. 部署到 Kubernetes ​

deployment.yaml:

yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: ilford-service
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: ilford-service
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: ilford-service
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: ilford-service
        image: spring-cloud-ilford:2020.0.x
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
        env:
        - name: SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE
          value: kubernetes
        - name: JAVA_OPTS
          value: "-Xmx512m -Xms256m"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: ilford-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: ilford-service
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP
    port: 8080
    targetPort: 8080
  type: ClusterIP

二次开发 ​

1. 自定义服务发现事件监听 ​

java
package com.example.ilford.event;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.event.InstanceRegisteredEvent;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.event.HeartbeatEvent;
import org.springframework.context.event.EventListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class DiscoveryEventListener {

    @EventListener
    public void handleInstanceRegistered(InstanceRegisteredEvent event) {
        System.out.println("Service registered: " + event.getInstance().getServiceId());
    }

    @EventListener
    public void handleHeartbeat(HeartbeatEvent event) {
        // 处理心跳事件，可用于健康检查逻辑
        if (event.getValue() instanceof Integer) {
            int counter = (Integer) event.getValue();
            if (counter % 10 == 0) {
                System.out.println("Heartbeat count: " + counter);
            }
        }
    }
}

2. 自定义配置属性处理器 ​

java
package com.example.ilford.config;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@RefreshScope
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "custom.config")
public class CustomConfigProperties {

    private String serviceUrl;
    private int timeout;
    private boolean enabled;

    // getters and setters
    public String getServiceUrl() {
        return serviceUrl;
    }

    public void setServiceUrl(String serviceUrl) {
        this.serviceUrl = serviceUrl;
    }

    public int getTimeout() {
        return timeout;
    }

    public void setTimeout(int timeout) {
        this.timeout = timeout;
    }

    public boolean isEnabled() {
        return enabled;
    }

    public void setEnabled(boolean enabled) {
        this.enabled = enabled;
    }

    public void refreshConfig() {
        System.out.println("Configuration refreshed: " + serviceUrl);
    }
}

配置示例 ​

1. 服务消费者配置 ​

application.yml:

yaml
server:
  port: 8080

spring:
  application:
    name: ilford-consumer
  cloud:
    consul:
      host: localhost
      port: 8500
      discovery:
        service-name: ${spring.application.name}
        prefer-ip-address: true
        instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${server.port}
    loadbalancer:
      ribbon:
        enabled: false
      cache:
        enabled: true

feign:
  client:
    config:
      default:
        connectTimeout: 10000
        readTimeout: 30000
  httpclient:
    enabled: false
  okhttp:
    enabled: true
  compression:
    request:
      enabled: true
      mime-types: text/xml,application/xml,application/json
      min-request-size: 1024
    response:
      enabled: true

resilience4j:
  circuitbreaker:
    instances:
      backendA:
        sliding-window-size: 10
        failure-rate-threshold: 50
        wait-duration-in-open-state: 1000ms
  retry:
    instances:
      backendA:
        max-attempts: 3
        wait-duration: 1000ms

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: health,info,metrics,circuitbreakers,refresh
  endpoint:
    health:
      show-details: when-authorized
  metrics:
    export:
      prometheus:
        enabled: true

logging:
  level:
    org.springframework.cloud: DEBUG
    org.springframework.web: DEBUG

2. 服务提供者配置 ​

application.yml:

yaml
server:
  port: 8081

spring:
  application:
    name: user-service
  cloud:
    consul:
      host: localhost
      port: 8500
      discovery:
        service-name: ${spring.application.name}
        prefer-ip-address: true
        instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${server.port}

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: health,info,metrics
  endpoint:
    health:
      show-details: when-authorized

logging:
  level:
    com.example: INFO

参考资源 ​

版本历史 ​

  • 2020.0.0-M1 (2020-06-18): 初始里程碑版本
  • 2020.0.0-RC1 (2020-09-24): 第一个候选发布版本
  • 2020.0.0 (2020-11-12): 正式发布版本 (Ilford)
  • 2020.0.1-2020.0.6 (2020-12-17 至 2021-09-08): 各个小版本修复更新

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